This is a list of Sikh festivals also known as Gurpurb with their dates and a short description. Sikh use the solar Sikh calendar, Nanakshahi, and the lunar Hindu Calendar, Bikrami calendar .
Sikh festivals
| Festival | Date Observed [from year to year dates vary] | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Parkash Utsav Dasveh Patshah | January 31 | This festival's name, when translated, means the birth celebration of the 10th Divine Light, or Divine Knowledge.It commorates the birth of Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth sikh guru. The festival is one the most widely celebrated event by Sikhs. |
| Holla Mohalla | March 17 | An annual festival of thousands held at Anandpur Sahib. It was started by Guru Gobind Singh as a gathering of Sikhs for military exercises and mock battles. The mock battles were followed by kirtan and valour poetry competitions. Today the Nihang Singhs carry on the martial tradition with mock battles and displays of swordsmanship and horse riding. There are also a number of darbars where kirtan is sung. It is celebrated by Sikhs across the world as 'Sikh Olympics' with events and competitions of swordsmanship, horse riding, Gatka (sikh martial arts), falconry and others by Nihang Singhs. |
| Vaisakhi | April 13 | In Punjab it is celebrated as the Birth of Khalsa brotherhood. It is celebrated at a large scale at Kesgarh Sahib, Anandpur Sahib. In India, U.K, Canada, USA, and other Sikh populated areas, people come together for a public mela or parade. The main part of the mela is where a local Sikh Temple (Gurdwara) has a beautiful Sikh themed float on which the Guru Granth Sahib is located and everyone offer their respect by bowing with much reverence and fervour. To mark the celebrations, Sikh devotees generally attend the Gurudwara before dawn with flowers and offerings in hands. Processions through towns are also common. Vaisakhi is the day on which the Khalsa was born and Sikhs were given a clear identity and a code of conduct to live by, led by the last living Sikh Guru, Guru Gobind Singh Ji, who baptized the first Sikhs using sweet nectar called Amrit.[1] |
| Martyrdom of Guru Arjan | June 16 | The martyrdom anniversary of Guru Arjan, the fifth Guru, falls in June, the hottest month in India. He was tortured to death under the orders of Mughal Emperor, Jahangir, on the complaint of a Hindu banker Chandu Lal, who bore a personal enimity with Guru, at Lahore on 25 May 1606. Celebrations consist of Kirtan, Katha and Langar in the Gurdwara. Because of hot summer, chilled sweetened drink made from milk, sugar, essence and water is freely distributed in Gurdwaras and in neighborhoods to everybody irrespective of their religious belief as a sign and honour of the humble Guru who happily accepted his torture as a will of Waheguru and made no attempt to take any action. |
| Gurta Gaddi Divas | September 1 | It is the day when the Guru Granth Sahib was bestowed with the title of being the eternal and final sikh guru thus ending the line of Human gurus. |
| Bandi Chhor Divas(Divali) | November 9 | On the day of Bandhi Chhor Diwas (The Celebration of Freedom), Sikhs celebrate the release from prison of the sixth guru, Guru Hargobind, who also rescued 52 Hindu kings held captive by Mughal Emperor Jehangir with him in the Gwalior Fort in 1619. The Sikhs celebrated by lighting their homes with lights and candles with the tradition continuing till date with Harmandir Sahib beautifully decorated with colourful lights to mark this celebration. It is celebrated by lightning divas and going to a Gurdwara to listen to gurbani. |
| Guru Nanak Jayanti | November 24 | On this day Guru Nanak was born in Nanakana Sahib,now situated in Pakistan. Every year Sikhs celebrate this day with large scale gatherings. Candles, divas and lights are lit in Gurdwaras, in the honour of Guru along with fireworks. The birthday celebration usually lasts three days. Generally two days before the birthday, Akhand Path (forty-eight-hour non-stop reading of Guru Granth Sahib) is held in the Gurdwara. One day before the birthday, a procession is organized which is led by the Panj Pyares (Five Beloved Ones) and the Palki (Palanquin) of Sri Guru Granth Sahib and followed by teams of Ragis singing hymns, brass bands playing different tunes and devotees singing the chorus. |
| Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadur | November 24 | On this day Guru Tegh Bahadur was martyred when he refused to convert to Islam.
The Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb cherished the ambition of converting India into a land of Islam. His experiment was first carried out in Kashmir. The viceroy of Kashmir carried out the policy vigorously and set about converting non-Muslims by force.[2][3] A group of Kashmiri Pandits (Kashmiri Hindu Brahmins), approached Guru Tegh Bahadur and asked for his help. They, on the advice of the Guru, told the Mughal authorities that they would willingly embrace Islam if Guru Tegh Bahadur, did the same.[2][3] Orders of the arrest of the Guru were issued by Aurangzeb and the Guru was arrested at a place called Malikhpur near Anandpur after he had departed from Anandpur for Delhi. He was arrested, along with some of his followers and sent to Sirhind the following day. The Governor ordered him to be detained in Bassi Pathana and reported the news to Delhi. His arrest was made in July 1675 and he was kept in custody for over three months. He was then cast in an iron cage and taken to Delhi in November 1675. The Guru was put in chains and ordered to be tortured until he would accept Islam. When he could not be persuaded to abandon his faith to save himself from persecution, he was asked to perform some miracles to prove his divinity. On his refusal, Guru Tegh Bahadur was beheaded in public at Chandni Chowk on 11 November 1675. Guru Ji is also known as "Hind Di Chadar" i.e. "the shield of India", suggesting that to save Hinduism, Guru Ji gave his life. |
There are some other (around 40) festivals that are celebrated at a much smaller scale with some being centred in particular regions or towns that are not included in the above list. Thoses include Parkash Utsavs (Birth anniversaries of the other 8 Sikh gurus), Gurgadi Divas (passing of guruship), Jyotijot Divas (death anniversaries of other sikh gurus) among other. All Sikh festival include celebrating by gathering at Gurdwara, paying obeisance to the Guru Granth Sahib and listening to Gurbani, Kirtan and reciting Paath.
| Important Events | Nanakshahi Date | Common Era Calendar |
|---|---|---|
| ♦Birth of Guru Gobind Singh, the Tenth Sikh Guru | 23 Poh | 5 Jan |
| Birth of Guru Har Rai, the seventh Sikh Guru | 19 Magh | 31 Jan |
| Guru Har Rai becomes the seventh Guru of the Sikhs ♦Nanakshahi New Year commences ♦Hola Mohalla festival |
1 Chet | 14 Mar |
| Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru, passes away | 6 Chet | 19 Mar |
| ♦The ordination of the Khalsa ♦Birth of Guru Nanak |
1 Vaisakh | 14 Apr |
| Guru Angad, the second Sikh Guru, passes away | 3 Vaisakh | 16 Apr |
| Guru Amar Das becomes the third Guru of the Sikhs | 3 Vaisakh | 16 Apr |
| Guru Harkrishan, the eighth Guru of the Sikhs, passes away | 3 Vaisakh | 16 Apr |
| Guru Tegh Bahadur becomes the Ninth Guru of the Sikhs | 3 Vaisakh | 16 Apr |
| Birth of Guru Angad, the second Sikh Guru | 5 Vaisakh | 18 Apr |
| Birth of Guru Tegh Bahadur, the ninth Sikh Guru of the Sikhs | 5 Vaisakh | 18 Apr |
| Birth of Guru Arjan, the fifth Sikh Guru | 19 Vaisakh | 2 May |
| Birth of Guru Amar Das, the third Sikh Guru | 9 Jeth | 23 May |
| Guru Hargobind becomes the sixth Guru of the Sikhs | 28 Jeth | 11 Jun |
| ♦Guru Arjan, the fifth Guru of the Sikhs, in martyred by Chandu Shah in Lahore | 2 Harh | 16 Jun |
| Birth of Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh Guru | 21 Harh | 5 Jul |
| Guru Hargobind Sahib | 6 Sawan | 21 Jul |
| Guru Harkrishan Sahib | 8 Sawan | 23 Jul |
| Guru Granth Sahib, the Sikh Scripture, is installed at the Golden Temple for the first time | 17 Bhadon | 1 Sep |
| Guru Amar Das, the third Guru of the Sikhs, passes away | 2 Assu | 16 Sep |
| Guru Ram Das becomes the fourth Guru of the Sikhs | 2 Assu | 16 Sep |
| Guru Ram Das, the fourth Guru of the Sikhs, passes away | 2 Assu | 16 Sep |
| Guru Arjan becomes the fifth Guru of the Sikhs | 2 Assu | 16 Sep |
| Guru Angad becomes the second Guru of the Sikhs | 4 Assu | 18 Sep |
| Guru Nanak, the first Guru of the Sikhs, passes away | 8 Assu | 22 Sep |
| Birth of Guru Ram Das, the fourth Guru of the Sikhs | 25 Assu | 9 Oct |
| Guru Har Rai, the seventh Guru of the Sikhs, passes away | 6 Katak | 20 Oct |
| Guru Harkrishan becomes the eighth Guru of the Sikhs | 6 Katak | 20 Oct |
| ♦Sovereignty of the Sikh Scripture (Guru Granth Sahib) declared as the Guru for all times to come by Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth and the last Sikh Guru | 6 Katak | 20 Oct |
| Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru, passes away | 7 Katak | 21 Oct |
| Guru Gobind Singh becomes the tenth Guru of the Sikhs | 11 Maghar | 24 Nov |
| ♦Guru Tegh Bahadur martyred in Delhi by Aurangzeb for defending the oppressed | 11 Maghar | 24 Nov |
| Ajit Singh, and Jujhar Singh,the two elder sons of Guru Gobind Singh, martyred in the battle of Chamkaur | 8 Poh | 21 Dec |
| Zorawar Singh, and Fateh Singh, the two younger sons of Guru Gobind Singh, executed in Sirhind | 13 Poh | 26 Dec |
However, there are quite a few other local fairs which are historically important to the Sikhs and attract crowds in hundreds of thousands and last two to three days. The most important of these are:
chapar festival( sep)